What role does the white pulp of the spleen play?

The white pulp of the spleen plays a crucial role in the immune response, which is why the selected answer is correct. It consists of specialized lymphoid tissue that is rich in lymphocytes, particularly B cells and T cells. These immune cells are essential for detecting pathogens, initiating immune responses, and producing antibodies. Within the white pulp, there are areas called follicles where B cells undergo activation, proliferation, and differentiation in response to antigens encountered in the blood. Additionally, T cells in the white pulp participate in the cellular immune response, aiding in the activation of other immune cells and directly killing infected cells.

This structure contrasts with other functions attributed to different parts of the spleen or completely unrelated physiological roles. For example, storage of nutrients is typically associated with organs like the liver, while hormone production is primarily a function of glands such as the pituitary or adrenal glands. Tissue regeneration occurs in many tissues but is not a primary function of the spleen. Therefore, the focus of the white pulp on immune responses underscores its importance in the body's defense system against infections and diseases.