What is the main function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Dendritic cells play a crucial role in the immune system primarily through their function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Their primary role involves processing and presenting antigens to T cells, which is vital for initiating and orchestrating adaptive immune responses.

When dendritic cells encounter pathogens, they internalize and process these antigens. After processing, they migrate to lymph nodes, where they present the processed antigens on their surface using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This interaction with T cells is essential for the activation and differentiation of T lymphocytes, which are key players in the immune response.

This antigen presentation not only informs T cells about the presence of pathogens but also provides necessary second signals for T cell activation, allowing for a more robust and specific immune response. This distinguishes dendritic cells as pivotal facilitators in linking innate and adaptive immunity, setting them apart from other immune components that may perform different functions, such as antibody production or phagocytosis.