What does opsonization do in the context of immune response?

Opsonization is a critical process in the immune response that involves marking pathogens for destruction by the immune system. This process typically occurs when antibodies or complement proteins bind to the surface of pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses. By coating these pathogens, opsonization enhances their recognition and uptake by phagocytic cells like macrophages and neutrophils.

When these immune cells encounter opsonized pathogens, their effectiveness in engulfing and destroying the pathogens is significantly increased. The presence of opsonins (the antibodies or complement components) helps immune cells to identify and respond more efficiently, effectively targeting the unwanted invaders for destruction. This mechanism plays a crucial role in the innate and adaptive immune responses, ensuring that infections are effectively dealt with and helping to limit the spread of disease within the host.